{"id":18430,"date":"2019-02-26T19:53:56","date_gmt":"2019-02-26T19:53:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crees.org.do\/formalicemos-ya\/"},"modified":"2021-08-10T01:42:12","modified_gmt":"2021-08-10T01:42:12","slug":"formalicemos-ya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/crees.org.do\/?p=18430","title":{"rendered":"\u00a1Formalicemos, ya!"},"content":{"rendered":"
Autor: Ian V\u00e1squez<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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Fecha: 15 de enero del 2019<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
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Por <\/span><\/span>Ian V\u00e1squez<\/span><\/p>\n

Ahora que la corrupci\u00f3n <\/span>se ha vuelto el problema que m\u00e1s preocupa a los peruanos y en un momento en que se ha planteado reformar el sistema laboral, es oportuno repasar c\u00f3mo esos temas se relacionan con el enorme tama\u00f1o de la econom\u00eda informal<\/span> <\/span>–el mejor indicador que eval\u00faa qu\u00e9 tan mal se encuentran las pol\u00edticas e instituciones del pa\u00eds–. <\/span><\/span>

Dos recientes estudios del Banco Mundial <\/span><\/span>nos ayudan con esa tarea. Recopilan datos globales y algunos nuevos conocimientos. Seg\u00fan el informe “Perspectivas econ\u00f3micas mundiales”, el sector informal representa el 70% de la fuerza laboral en las econom\u00edas emergentes y en desarrollo, y un tercio de su PBI.<\/span> El sector informal en el Per\u00fa representa solo el 18% del PBI y m\u00e1s del 70% de la fuerza laboral. Esas cifras confirman la muy baja productividad de la econom\u00eda informal. <\/span><\/span>

Otros indicadores relacionados a la alta informalidad son menor crecimiento, m\u00e1s pobreza y mayor desigualdad. La diferencia salarial entre el sector formal e informal es del 19% a escala global, y favorece al trabajador formal. El Banco Mundial <\/span>indica que esta brecha salarial es especialmente grande en Am\u00e9rica Latina. <\/span>Es m\u00e1s, la productividad de la empresa informal es una cuarta parte de la formal. Y, comparado a las compa\u00f1\u00edas formales que no compiten con empresas informales, las formales que s\u00ed compiten con ellas son 24% menos productivas.<\/span>

En promedio, la informalidad ha ca\u00eddo en los pa\u00edses en desarrollo desde 1990. Pero no todas las naciones lo han logrado a pesar de otros avances. El \u00faltimo “Informe sobre el desarrollo mundial” se\u00f1ala que desde 1999 la India, <\/span>por ejemplo, se ha vuelto una potencia nuclear, ha vivido un ‘boom’ tecnol\u00f3gico y ha experimentado alto crecimiento, pero su sector informal sigue representando el 90% de la fuerza laboral. \u00daltimamente, ese indicador ha aumentado en el Per\u00fa <\/span><\/span>tambi\u00e9n. <\/span><\/span>

La informalidad existe porque es muy costoso para buena parte de la poblaci\u00f3n cumplir con los requisitos legales necesarios para participar en la econom\u00eda formal. ¿Qu\u00e9 sugiere el Banco Mundial <\/span><\/span>para enfrentar este sistema de apartheid legal y qu\u00e9 tiene que ver con la corrupci\u00f3n y el mercado laboral? En pocas palabras, recomienda reducir la sobrerregulaci\u00f3n <\/span><\/span>y los altos impuestos que elevan costos y empujan a la gente al sector informal.<\/span>

En particular, el Banco Mundial<\/span> <\/span><\/b>aconseja bajar las tasas impositivas y simplificar los sistemas tributarios. Se\u00f1ala que en Am\u00e9rica Latina las tasas son altas comparadas al resto del mundo y contribuyen a la informalidad. Recomienda flexibilizar el mercado laboral al reducir los salarios m\u00ednimos y las barreras regulatorias para contratar y despedir a los trabajadores. Cita numerosos casos en que se ha reducido la informalidad a trav\u00e9s de este tipo de reformas y cita mejoras institucionales tales como el fortalecimiento del sistema legal y menor corrupci\u00f3n.<\/span>

Cuando la Rep\u00fablica de Georgia<\/span>, por ejemplo, hizo reformas de mercado, redujo su sector informal y result\u00f3 en “mejoras significativas” en cuanto al Estado de derecho y la reducci\u00f3n de la corrupci\u00f3n. Dado que la evidencia muestra que a m\u00e1s libertad econ\u00f3mica hay menos corrupci\u00f3n y menos informalidad, eso \u00faltimo no debe sorprender.<\/span>

Pero, como bien lo demuestra Am\u00e9rica Latina, si no se reforman ciertas pol\u00edticas, la informalidad y el atraso institucional que representan estar\u00e1n para quedarse. La regi\u00f3n tiene uno de los m\u00e1s r\u00edgidos mercados laborales del mundo. Flexibilizar el sistema laboral es, quiz\u00e1s, la reforma m\u00e1s importante que puede hacer el Per\u00fa y la regi\u00f3n para reducir la informalidad, incrementar la productividad y combatir una fuente estatal m\u00e1s de desigualdad.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Extra\u00eddo de elcomercio.pe<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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<\/div>\n

<\/path><\/svg><\/i> Vistas Totales 1,012 , Vistas Hoy 2 <\/p>\n

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Autor: Ian V\u00e1squez   Fecha: 15 de enero del 2019   Por Ian V\u00e1squez Ahora que la corrupci\u00f3n se ha vuelto el problema que m\u00e1s preocupa a los peruanos y en un momento en que se ha planteado reformar el sistema laboral, es oportuno repasar c\u00f3mo esos temas se relacionan con el enorme tama\u00f1o de la econom\u00eda…<\/p>\n

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<\/path><\/svg><\/i> Vistas Totales 1,012 , Vistas Hoy 2 <\/p>\n

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